Impactos da conteinerização e coleta mecanizada de resíduos sólidos domiciliares: estudo de caso do município de Lençóis Paulista, São Paulo, Brasil / Municipal solid waste mechanized collection and containerization impacts: A study case of Lençóis Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Um sistema de acondicionamento conteinerizado e de coleta mecanizada de resíduos sólidos domiciliares (RDO) consiste na distribuição de contêineres junto ao meio fio das vias e seu esvaziamento periódico, no qual o veículo coletor, com a ajuda de braços mecânicos, transborda os resíduos contidos no contêiner para o seu compartimento de carga. Para entender os efeitos dessa conteinerização no espaço urbano, buscou-se avaliar neste trabalho os aspectos operacionais, econômicos e socioambientais do sistema de conteinerização de coleta de resíduos sólidos domiciliares, tanto da coleta convencional quanto da coleta seletiva, no espaço urbano do município de Lençóis Paulista, São Paulo, Brasil. Esta é uma pesquisa exploratória com aplicação de métodos quali-quantitativos e emprego de estudo de caso, realizada por triangulação de dados coletados por meio de revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental da prefeitura, entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores municipais, aplicação de questionários com coletores de RDO e catadores da cooperativa de reciclagem local, aplicação de questionários com moradores e observações in loco. Os resultados apontam que foi possível ter eficiência operacional com a mudança de modalidade de coleta de resíduos, reduzindo tempo de coleta, apesar do aumento de quilometragem rodada e consumo de combustível pelos veículos coletores. Os custos operacionais das coletas conteinerizadas, convencional e seletiva, se mostraram menores do que a média brasileira. Na percepção dos quatro públicos entrevistados, a mudança da coleta manual de resíduos para a conteinerização e a coleta mecanizada foi benéfica, tornando o espaço urbano mais limpo e organizado e principalmente, melhorando as condições de trabalho para os coletores e reduzindo o número de acidentes de trabalho. O maior desafio para a gestão municipal tem sido a segregação e descarte correto de resíduos recicláveis, bem como a presença de catadores independentes que vasculham os contêineres antes do serviço de recolhimento. A frequência de higienização dos equipamentos mostrou-se como maior reclamação da população. Com as experiências vivenciadas na cidade e a revisão de literatura foi possível elaborar um manual de boas práticas de conteinerização e coleta mecanizada de RDO para municípios brasileiros como produto desta pesquisa.

A household solid waste containerized and mechanized collection consists of distributing containers along the curbs and periodically emptying them with a collection vehicle. This vehicle has mechanical arms that transfer the solid waste from the container to its cargo compartment. The purpose of this research is to evaluate operational, economic and socio-environmental aspects of solid waste containerization system for both conventional and selective collection, in the urban area of Lençóis Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil. This is an exploratory research project with the application of qualitative and quantitative methods and a case study, carried out by data triangulation collected through literature review, city hall documental research, semi-structured interviews with municipal managers, questionnaire application with collection workers and pickers from the local recycling cooperative, forms application with residents and observation in loco. The results indicate that it was possible to have operational efficiency with changes in the waste collection system, reducing the collection time, despite the increase in mileage driven and fuel consumption by waste collector vehicles. The operating cost of both conventional and selective collection with containerization are lower than the Brazilian average. In the perception of the four public interviewed, the change from manual solid waste collection to containerization and mechanized collection was satisfactory, making the urban area cleaner and more organized. They improved working conditions for collector workers, reducing the number of work accidents. The biggest challenge for municipal management has been the correct solid waste separation and disposal in the containers, as well as the presence of independent recycling pikers who search the containers before the municipal collection service. The container cleaning is also the biggest complaint from the population. With the experiences lived in the city and the literature review, it was possible to elaborate a manual of good practices in solid waste containerization and mechanized collection for Brazilian cities as the product of this research.

Loss sampling methods for soybean mechanical harvest

Harvesting is one of the most important stages of the agricultural production process. However, the lack of monitoring during this operation and the absence of efficient methodologies to quantify losses have contributed to the decline in the quality of the operation. The objective of this study was to monitor mechanized soybean harvest by quantifying losses through two methodologies using statistical process control. The study was conducted in March 2016 in an agricultural area in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto, SP, using a John Deere harvester model 1470 with a tangential-type track system and separation by a straw-blower. The experimental design followed the standards established by statistical process control, and every 8 min of harvest, the total losses by the circular framework and rectangular framework methodologies were simultaneously quantified, totaling 40 points. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical process control. The averages of the circular methodology framework were values above those found in the rectangular methodology framework, presenting greater representativeness of losses. The process was considered unable to maintain losses of soybeans at acceptable levels during mechanical harvest throughout the operation of the two frameworks. The circular framework for collecting samples at different locations resulted in higher reliability of data.

Implantação do processo de automatização da cobrança no perioperatório / Implementation of billing process automation in the perioperative period / Implementación del proceso de automatización de la facturación en el perioperatorio

Objetivo: Relatar a implantação de um processo de automatização de cobrança de uso de equipamentos e procedimentos no perioperatório. Método: Relato de experiência sobre processo de implantação com automatização de cobrança de uso de equipamentos e procedimentos no periopera-tório com uso do prontuário eletrônico, realizada em abril de 2020 em um hospital de grande porte, filantrópico, localizado no município de São Paulo. Resultados: Realizou-se a inserção de equipamentos com associação de cobrança automatizada no prontuário eletrônico, bem como a cobrança de pro-cedimentos associada à prescrição de enfermagem e anotação de admissão na recuperação anestésica. A construção desse processo automatizado para equipamentos envolveu revisão com auditoria, apresentação da tela com checkbox e cálculo de horas automático. Conclusão: A implantação da auto-matização do processo de cobrança foi concluída com sucesso e contribuiu para o aumento de 13% da receita da unidade, o que levou à ampliação da estratégia para demais unidades da instituição.

Objective: To describe the implementation of an automation process for charging equipment use and procedures in the perioperative period.Method: Experience report on the implementation process with automation of charging for equipment use and procedures in the perioperative period through electronic medical records, carried out in April 2020 in a large, philanthropic hospital, located in the city of São Paulo. Results: The pieces of equipment were associated with automated billing in the electronic medical record, and the billing of procedures was associated with the nursing pre-scription and annotation of admission in the anesthetic recovery room. The creation of this automated process for equipment involved an audit, screen presentation with checkboxes, and automatic calculation of hours. Conclusion: The implementation of billing process automation was successfully completed and contributed to a 13% increase in the unit's revenue, being expanded to other units of the institution.

Objetivo: Relatar la implementación de un proceso de automatización para el cobro del uso de equipos y procedimientos en el período perio-peratorio. Método: Relato de experiencia sobre el proceso de implementación con automatización del cobro por uso de equipos y procedimientos en el período perioperatorio con el uso de la historia clínica electrónica, realizado en abril de 2020 en un gran hospital filantrópico, ubicado en la ciudad de São Paulo. Resultados: Se realizó la inserción de equipos con asociación de facturación automatizada en la historia clínica electrónica, así como la factu-ración de procedimientos asociados a prescripción de enfermería, y anotación de ingreso en la recuperación anestésica. Esa construcción para equipos involucró revisión con auditoría, presentación de pantalla con checkbox y cálculo automático de horas. Conclusión: La implementación de la automati-zación del proceso de cobranza se completó con éxito y contribuyó para un aumento del 13% en los ingresos de la unidad, lo que llevó a la expansión de la estrategia para otras unidades de la institución.

Painel do mapa cirúrgico como ferramenta de comunicação e segurança do paciente / Surgical map panel as patient safety and communication tool / Panel de mapa quirúrgico como herramienta de comunicación y seguridad del paciente

Objetivo: Relatar o desenvolvimento e a implementação de um painel de mapa cirúrgico com automação para visualização de informações da cirurgia, equipe, status, riscos e preparo pré-operatório. Método: Relato de experiência sobre o desenvolvimento e a implementação de um painel de visualização do mapa cirúrgico, status, riscos e preparo do paciente que visa melhorar a comunicação multiprofissional e o acompanhamento do workflow de preparo do paciente, em um hospital de grande porte e filantrópico, no município de São Paulo, de agosto de 2021 a fevereiro de 2022. Resultados: Foram quatro fases no processo. Primeira, o entendimento das regras de negócio. Segunda, a identificação dos iconogramas que vão compor o painel. Terceira, o desenvolvimento do produto e o teste de funcionalidades. Quarta, a implementação em ambiente produtivo, com apresentação da tecnologia para equipe médica e enfermagem. Conclusão: O novo painel cirúrgico é colorido, os iconogramas são rapidamente identificados e auxiliam o processo de comunicação, a segurança e a assistência da equipe multiprofissional, facilitando processos de trabalho e intervindo com antecedência em potenciais riscos.

Objective: To report the development and implementation of a surgical map panel with automated view of information about the surgery, team, status, risks and preoperative preparation. Method: Experience report on the development and implementation of a visual panel for surgical map, status, risks and patient preparation that aims to improve multiprofessional communication and follow-up of patient preparation workflow, in a large charity hospital in the city of São Paulo, from August 2021 to February 2022. Results: The process took place in four stages: understanding the business rules; identifying iconograms that would compose the panel; product development and feature testing; implementation in a productive environment, presenting the technology to the medical and nursing staff. Conclusion: The new surgical panel is colored, where iconograms are quickly identified and help in the communication, safety and assistance by the multidisciplinary team, facilitating workflows and allowing early intervention to potential risks.

Objetivo: informar el desarrollo e implementación de un panel de mapa quirúrgico de automatización para ver información sobre la cirugía, el equipo, el estado, los riesgos y la preparación preoperatoria. Método: Informe de experiencia sobre el desarrollo e implementación de un panel de visualización de mapa quirúrgico, estado, riesgos y preparación del paciente destinado a mejorar la comunicación multiprofesional y el monitoreo del flujo de trabajo de preparación del paciente, y su implementación en el área en un grande hospital, filantrópico en el municipio del municipio de São Paulo desde agosto de 2021 hasta febrero de 2022. Resultados: Hubo cuatro fases en el proceso, primero la comprensión de las reglas comerciales, la segunda identificación de los iconogramas que compondrán el panel, el tercer el desarrollo de productos y las pruebas de funcionalidad y la última implementación en el entorno productivo, la presentación de la tecnología al equipo médico y enfermería. Conclusión: El nuevo panel quirúrgico está coloreado, los iconogramas se identifican rápidamente, ayudan al proceso de comunicación, seguridad y asistencia del equipo multiprofesional, facilitando los procesos de trabajo e interviniendo de antemano con riesgos potenciales.

Desenvolvimento de sistema de rastreabilidade automatizada de baixo custo para centro de material e esterilização / Development of a low-cost automated traceability system for the Sterile Processing Department / Desarrollo de un sistema de trazabilidad automatizado de bajo costo para material y centro de esterilización

Objetivo: Desenvolver um sistema de baixo custo que possibilite a automatização do processo de rastreabilidade em um centro de material e este-rilização. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa aplicada, com foco em uma produção tecnológica (prototipação), visando ao desenvolvimento de um sistema auto-matizado de rastreabilidade para centro de material e esterilização. O desenvolvimento do sistema seguiu o modelo das fases do ciclo de vida de um software para o desenvolvimento de protótipos, utilizando-se para sua construção funcionalidades existentes no software Microsoft Excel 2013©. Resultados: Seguindo as fases do modelo proposto, e de acordo com as diretrizes dos órgãos competentes, desenvolveu-se um sistema de rastreabilidade automatizada, com visual simples e intuitivo, capaz de executar funções: de registro, por meio de código de barras; de acesso às informações dos processos executados no centro de material e esterilização, por meio de planilha alimentada automaticamente; de segurança, com login e senha individuais. Conclusão: Este tra-balho cumpriu seu objetivo de propor um sistema de rastreabilidade de baixo custo que atendesse às necessidades do centro de material e esterilização, necessidades que compreendem não somente as normas impostas por órgãos reguladores, mas também a automatização do processo de rastreabilidade.

Objective: To develop a low-cost system that enables the automation of the traceability process in a Sterile Processing Department. Method: This is an applied research, focusing on technological production (prototyping), aiming at the development of an automated traceability system for the Sterile Processing Department. The system was developed following the model of the software life cycle for developing prototypes, making use of existing func-tionalities in the Microsoft Excel 2013© software. Results: Following the phases of the proposed model, and in accordance with the guidelines of competent bodies, an automated traceability system was developed, with a simple and intuitive design, capable of performing the following functions: registration, by using a barcode; access to information on the processes performed at the Sterile Processing Department, by an automatically fed spreadsheet; and security, with individual login and password. Conclusions: This study fulfilled its objective of proposing a low-cost traceability system that would meet the needs of the Sterile Processing Department, which included not only the rules imposed by regulatory bodies, but also the automation of the traceability process.

Objetivo: Desarrollar un sistema de bajo costo que permita la automatización del proceso de trazabilidad en un CME. Método: Se trata de investigación aplicada, con foco en la producción tecnológica (prototipado), con el objetivo de desarrollar un sistema de trazabilidad automatizado para CME. El desarrollo del sistema siguió el modelo de las fases del ciclo de vida de un software para el desarrollo de prototipos, utilizando para su construcción funcionalidades existentes en el software Microsoft Excel 2013©, en su versión de escritorio. Resultados: Siguiendo las fases del modelo propuesto, y de acuerdo con las directrices de los órganos competentes, se desarrolló un sistema de trazabilidad automatizado, de apariencia sencilla e intuitiva, capaz de realizar: funciones de registro, por medio de un código de barras; acceder a la información de los procesos ejecutados en el CME, a través de una hoja de cálculo alimentada automáticamente; y seguridad, con usuario y contraseña individual. Conclusión: Este trabajo cumplió con su objetivo de proponer un sistema de trazabilidad de bajo costo que satisficiera las necesidades de los CME, necesidades que incluyen no solo las normas impuestas por los organismos reguladores, sino también la automatización del proceso de trazabilidad.

Implantação dos protocolos PEWS e NEWS na unidade de recuperação anestésica / Implementation of the PEWS and NEWS protocols in the post-anesthesia care unit / Implementación de los protocolos PEWS y NEWS en la unidad de recuperación anestésica

Objetivo: Descrever a construção e a implantação dos protocolos PEWS e NEWS na recuperação anestésica com recurso da automação robó-tica. Método: Relato de experiência sobre a construção e a implantação de protocolos de deterioração clínica na recuperação anestésica em um hospital filantrópico de grande porte localizado no município de São Paulo. O processo de trabalho envolveu a determinação dos protocolos, a construção das regras operacionais para o sistema, o desenvolvimento do sistema eletrônico e a implantação com treinamento da equipe assistencial. Resultados: Foi implantado o processo de deterioração clínica com os protocolos PEWS e NEWS de forma automatizada e sinalizado o acionamento por meio de um iconograma no painel da sala de recuperação pós-anestésica. Conclusão: A implantação dos protocolos foi concluída com sucesso; o uso da automação robótica pode simplificar os fluxos de trabalho e o tempo de coleta de sinais vitais para fornecer uma pontuação do escore. Protocolos de deterioração clínica auxiliam na tomada de decisão das enfermeiras da recuperação anestésica, desde que aplicados em conjunto com o julgamento clínico.

Objective: To describe the development and implementation of the PEWS and NEWS protocols in post-anesthesia recovery using robotic automation. Method: Experience report on the development and implementation of clinical deterioration protocols in post-anesthesia recovery in a large philanthropic hospital located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The work involved the determination of protocols, construction of operational rules for the system, development of the electronic system and implementation with training of the assistance team. Results: Prediction of clinical deterio-ration was implemented with the PEWS and NEWS protocols in an automated way, and activation was signaled through an iconogram in the panel of the post-anesthesia care unit. Conclusion: The implementation of the protocols was successfully completed; the use of robotic automation can simplify workflows and reduce the time to collect vital signs to provide a score. Clinical deterioration protocols help nurses' decision-making in anesthesia reco-very, as long as they are applied in conjunction with clinical judgment.

Objetivo: Describir la construcción e implementación de los protocolos PEWS y NEWS en recuperación anestésica utilizando automatiza-ción robótica. Método: Relato de experiencia sobre la construcción e implementación de protocolos de deterioro clínico en la recuperación anestésica en un gran hospital filantrópico de la ciudad de São Paulo. El proceso de trabajo implicó la determinación de protocolos, construcción de reglas de fun-cionamiento del sistema, desarrollo en sistema electrónico e implementación con capacitación del equipo de asistencia. Resultados: Signos de deterioro clínico utilizando los puntajes PEWS y NEWS, lo construimos de forma automatizada e identificamos mediante un signo compuesto por una iconogra-fía en el panel multiprofesional de la unidad, de forma visible para cualquier miembro del equipo. Conclusión: La implementación de los protocolos se completó con éxito, el uso de la automatización robótica puede simplificar los flujos de trabajo y el tiempo de recopilación de signos vitales para pro-porcionar una puntuación. Los protocolos de deterioro clínico auxilian la toma de decisiones del enfermero en la recuperación anestésica, siempre que sean aplicados en conjunto con el juicio clínico.

Implantação do processo de automatização da cobrança no perioperatório / Implementation of billing process automation in the perioperative period / Implementación del proceso de automatización de la facturación en el perioperatorio

Objetivo: Relatar a implantação de um processo de automatização de cobrança de uso de equipamentos e procedimentos no perioperatório. Método: Relato de experiência sobre processo de implantação com automatização de cobrança de uso de equipamentos e procedimentos no perioperatório com uso do prontuário eletrônico, realizada em abril de 2020 em um hospital de grande porte, filantrópico, localizado no município de São Paulo. Resultados: Realizou-se a inserção de equipamentos com associação de cobrança automatizada no prontuário eletrônico, bem como a cobrança de procedimentos associada à prescrição de enfermagem e anotação de admissão na recuperação anestésica. A construção desse processo automatizado para equipamentos envolveu revisão com auditoria, apresentação da tela com checkbox e cálculo de horas automático. Conclusão: A implantação da automatização do processo de cobrança foi concluída com sucesso e contribuiu para o aumento de 13% da receita da unidade, o que levou à ampliação da estratégia para demais unidades da instituição.

Objective: To describe the implementation of an automation process for charging equipment use and procedures in the perioperative period. Method: Experience report on the implementation process with automation of charging for equipment use and procedures in the perioperative period through electronic medical records, carried out in April 2020 in a large, philanthropic hospital, located in the city of São Paulo. Results: The pieces of equipment were associated with automated billing in the electronic medical record, and the billing of procedures was associated with the nursing prescription and annotation of admission in the anesthetic recovery room. The creation of this automated process for equipment involved an audit, screen presentation with checkboxes, and automatic calculation of hours. Conclusion: The implementation of billing process automation was successfully completed and contributed to a 13% increase in the unit's revenue, being expanded to other units of the institution.

Objetivo: Relatar la implementación de un proceso de automatización para el cobro del uso de equipos y procedimientos en el período perioperatorio. Método: Relato de experiencia sobre el proceso de implementación con automatización del cobro por uso de equipos y procedimientos en el período perioperatorio con el uso de la historia clínica electrónica, realizado en abril de 2020 en un gran hospital filantrópico, ubicado en la ciudad de São Paulo. Resultados: Se realizó la inserción de equipos con asociación de facturación automatizada en la historia clínica electrónica, así como la facturación de procedimientos asociados a prescripción de enfermería, y anotación de ingreso en la recuperación anestésica. Esa construcción para equipos involucró revisión con auditoría, presentación de pantalla con checkbox y cálculo automático de horas. Conclusión: La implementación de la automatización del proceso de cobranza se completó con éxito y contribuyó para un aumento del 13% en los ingresos de la unidad, lo que llevó a la expansión de la estrategia para otras unidades de la institución.

Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the trust between People and Automation Scale (TPAS) in Chinese adults

Trust in automation plays a leading role in human-automation interaction. As there lack of scales measuring trust in automation in China, the purpose of this study was to adapt the trust between People and Automation Scale (TPAS) into Chinese and to demonstrate its psychometric properties among Chinese adults. A total of 310 Chinese adults were randomly selected as sample 1, and 508 Chinese adults as sample 2. Results of the item analysis revealed that each item had a good quality, and the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested that the two-factor model with 12 items was the best fitting model. In addition, the TPAS was positively correlated with Interpersonal Trust Scale (ITS), proving good evidence based on relations to other variables to support the TPAS. In sum, the study suggested that the Chinese version of the TPAS could be used as an effective tool to assess trust in automation in the Chinese context.

Twenty years in the 21st century: temporal and spatial evolution of Chinese medicinal processing equipment / 中国中药杂志

Against the backdrop of "Internet+" and Made in China 2025, Chinese medicinal processing equipment embraces various opportunities and develops to an unprecedented level. In the 20 years of the new century, the processing equipment has gradually developed in the direction of high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, integration, and automation, and this field has tended to highlight the establishment and application of the linkage production line for the processing of Chinese medicinal decoction pieces. Integrating automation control technology, online detection technique, and the internet of things technology, the online detection system of Chinese medicinal processing equipment and the computer information management system of Chinese medicinal proces-sing are the mainstream development trends of Chinese medicinal processing equipment. Standard Chinese medicine processing equipment is the prerequisite for the standardization of processing parameters. A standard system for processing equipment and processing parameters is the key to the modernization of Chinese medicinal decoction pieces. This paper summarized the research and application of Chinese medicinal processing equipment in the 20 years of the 21 st century and predicted the development trend, which is expected to serve as a reference for the technological innovation and development of the processing equipment.

Comportamento de vacas da raça Holandesa em ordenha robotizada / Behaviour of Holstein cows in robotic milking

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de concentrado e de ordenha de vacas em lactação em sistema de ordenha robotizada (SOR) conforme a paridade. O experimento foi realizado de março a junho de 2014, em Castro, PR, com vacas da raça Holandesa, confinadas em free stall, ordenhadas automaticamente e classificadas de acordo com a ordem de parto (1, 2 e +3 partos). Os dados foram extraídos do software de gerenciamento, sendo consideradas as atividades de um dia por mês (24h), por quatro meses, no dia seguinte após a realização do controle leiteiro oficial. Os dados foram analisados por técnicas de análise multivariada (análise fatorial, canônica e de agrupamento), utilizando-se o pacote computacional SAS. O comportamento ingestivo de concentrado influenciou toda a atividade das vacas no SOR, sendo fundamental para o desempenho dos animais nesse sistema. A ordem de parto não influenciou o comportamento na ordenha, somente o comportamento ingestivo, devido à dominância social das vacas multíparas. As vacas mais produtivas apresentaram um comportamento ingestivo mais agressivo. Conclui-se que a ordem de parto influencia o comportamento ingestivo de concentrado, porém não interfere no comportamento de ordenha de vacas com maior paridade. No SOR, primíparas devem ser manejadas em grupo específico.(AU)

The aim of this study was to assess the ingestive behavior of concentrate and milking of dairy cows in automatic milking system (AMS) according to parity. The experiment was conducted from March to June 2014, in Castro, PR, with Holstein cows housed in a free stall, milked automatically, and classified according to the lactation order (1, 2 and +3 lactations). Data were extracted from the management software, considering the activities of one day a month (24 hours) for four months, the day after the official milk production control. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis (factorial analysis, canonical and cluster), using the statistical package SAS. The ingestive behavior of concentrate influenced the entire activity of the cows in the AMS, being a fundamental factor in the performance of animals in this system. Parity did not influence the milking behavior, only the ingestive behavior, due to the social dominance of multiparous cows. High-yielding cows had a more aggressive ingestive behavior. It was concluded that parity influenced the ingestive behavior of concentrate, but does not interfere in milking behavior in cows with higher parity. In the AMS, primiparous should be managed in a specific group.(AU)

Speed and rotation variations in gathering coffee machine / Variações de velocidades e rotações no recolhimento mecanizado do café

The mechanized harvesting operation of coffee sweep from ground have a great importance, due the value of the coffee that was lost by the harvest process, as well as the breakdown of the cycle of pests that can damage the coffee. To change work settings can influence significantly the capacity of the gathering system. Due, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence the speed of displacement and rotations of the components of gathering coffee machine in its performance. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Presidente Olegário-MG on coffee plantations aged 10 to 11 years. The field, presenting an average of 990 kg ha-1 of coffee present in the soil after the machine harvest. The engine rotations of the tractor evaluated were 146.6, 162.3, 178.0, 193.7, and 209.4 rad.s-1 combined with the 1stA and 2ndA gears, resulting in different working speeds. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks with five replicates. The variables analyzed were the gathering efficiency, cleaning efficiency, coffee losses, and percentage of mineral and vegetal impurities. It was concluded that the gathering efficiency was higher when working with 178.0 rad.s-1 at 1.26 km h-1, resulting in lower coffee losses in the operation, a preponderant factor in the study. On the other hand, the best cleaning efficiency of the machine was found when using 193.7 rad.s-1 and 1.37 km h-1.

A operação de recolhimento mecanizado do café de varreção apresenta grande importância, devido ao valor do café que é perdido pelo processo de colheita, como também pela quebra do ciclo de pragas que podem prejudicar o cafeeiro. A alteração de regulagens de trabalho da recolhedora pode influenciar significantemente na capacidade do sistema de recolhimento. Portanto, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a influência da velocidade de deslocamento e das rotações dos componentes da recolhedora no seu desempenho. O experimento foi realizado no município de Presidente Olegário-MG em lavoura de café com idade de 10 a 11 anos. A área estudada foi caracterizada, apresentando média de 990 kg ha-1 de café presentes no solo para recolhimento. As rotações do motor do trator avaliadas foram de 146.6, 162.3, 178.0, 193.7, e 209.4 rad.s-1 combinadas com as marchas 1ªA e 2ªA, resultando em diferentes velocidades de trabalho. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram a eficiência de recolhimento, eficiência de limpeza, perdas de café e porcentagem de impurezas minerais e vegetais. Concluiu-se que a eficiência de recolhimento foi maior quando se trabalhou com 178.0 rad.s-1 à 1,26 km h-1, originando assim menores perdas de café na operação, fator preponderante no estudo. Por outro lado, a melhor eficiência de limpeza da máquina foi encontrada quando se utilizou 193.7 rad.s-1 e 1,37 km h-1.

Desarrollo de un sistema informático para el registro y seguimiento de los controles médicos de niños y niñas de 0 a 10 años atendidos por las unidades de salud de la Zona Oriental de El Salvador: en asocio con Unidad de Salud de Conchagua / Development of a computerized system for the registration and monitoring of medical check-ups of boys and girls from 0 to 10 years old attended by the health units of the Eastern Zone of El Salvador: in association with Unidad de Salud de Conchagua

El software desarrollado en este proyecto tiene como propósito controlar y ejecutar medidas de prevención hacia enfermedades definidas. Por medio del estudio de gestión de controles médicos, se diseñó la automatización de los procesos de la Unidad de Salud de Conchagua. El software cuenta con un módulo de gestión de citas en el cual se pueden agendar las consultas y controles de los pacientes, permitiendo además reprogramarlas en casos de ser requerido. De igual forma le permite al médico contar con una vista a manera de agenda en la que puede verificar si un día en concreto tiene pacientes ya registrados para atender. Con la implementación del sistema, la Unidad de Salud de Conchagua, La Unión, contará con una plataforma que incluirá la información del niño o la niña como nombre completo, edad, residencia, entre otros datos importantes, además tendrá la capacidad de almacenar más de 1,000,000 de expedientes clínicos.

The software developed in this project was made with the purpose to control and execute preventive measures towards defined diseases. Through the study of management of medical controls, the automation of the processes of Unidad de Salud de Conchagua was designed. The software has an appointment management module in which patient consultations and controls can be scheduled, also allowing them to be reprogrammed when necessary. In the same way, it allows the doctor to have a view in the way of an agenda in which he can verify if a specific day has patients already registered to attend. With the implementation of the system, the Unidad de Salud de Conchagua, will have a platform that will include the child's information such as full name, age, residence, among other important data, and will also have the capacity to store more than 1,000,000 clinical records.

Automated Pre-delineation of CTV in Patients with Cervical Cancer Using Dense V-Net / 中国医疗器械杂志

We use a dense and fully connected convolutional network with good feature learning in small samples, to automatically pre-deline CTV of cervical cancer patients based on CT images and evaluate the effect. The CT data of stage IB and IIA postoperative cervical cancer with similar delineation scope were selected to be used to evaluate the pre-sketching accuracy from three aspects:sketching similarity, sketching offset and sketching volume difference. It has been proved that the 8 most representative parameters are superior to those with single network and reported internationally before. Dense V-Net can accurately predict CTV pre-delineation of cervical cancer patients, which can be used clinically after simple modification by doctors.

Simulation of the length of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. ) crop rows in the operational management of spraying / Simulação do comprimento das fileiras de cultivo de cana-de- açúcar ( saccharum spp. ) no gerenciamento operacional da pulverização

O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar destinada às usinas e tem produtividade média, superior aos demais países produtores dessa matéria-prima. A aplicação de defensivos agrícolas em canaviais das agroindústrias é realizada em extensas áreas de cultivo, com pulverizadoreshidráulicos autopropelidos, tratorizados e aéreo. Para tanto é necessário sistematizar as áreas de cultivo, tornando os talhões com longo comprimento de fileiras de cultivo, a fim de diminuir as manobras de cabeceira das máquinas. O objetivo do trabalho é avaliar o impacto causado pelo comprimento das fileiras de cultivo no custo operacional de pulverizadores hidráulicos para os tratos culturais de cana-de-açúcar. Pela dificuldade que existe em realizar o trabalho e atender o objetivo nas condições de campo, optou-se em desenvolver um modelo computacional denominado TratoCana, em planilha eletrônica e em linguagem de programação. O modelo foi verificado quanto a possíveis erros de rotina, validado, utilizado na análise dos fatores e na geração de cenários. Os resultados evidenciaram que o comprimento das fileiras de cultivo, impacta positivamente no desempenho operacional e econômico dos equipamentos.

Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane destined for mills and has average productivity, higher than the other countries producing this raw material. The application of pesticides in sugar cane fields in agribusinesses is carried out in extensive cultivation areas, with self-propelled, sprayed and aerial hydraulic sprayers. Therefore, it is necessary to systematize the cultivation areas, making the plots with a long length of cultivation rows, in order to reduce the machines' headboard maneuvers. The objective of the work is to evaluate the impact caused by the length of the cultivation rows on the operational cost of hydraulic sprayers for the sugarcane crop treatments. Due to the difficulty in carrying out the work and meeting the objective in the field conditions, it was decided to develop a computational model called TratoCana, using an electronic spreadsheet and programming language. The model was checked for possible routine errors, validated, used in the analysis of factors and in the generation of scenarios. The results showed that the length of the cultivation rows has a positive impact on the operational and economic performance of the equipment. is Veja também be

Aplicación de tecnología mHealth para la modernización y automatización de los servicios de clínicas empresariales: aplicación en Clínica Empresarial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores / Application of mHealth technology for the modernization and automation of company clinic services: application in the Company Clinic of Ministerio de Relaciones Internacionales

La Escuela de Ingeniería en Computación en asocio con la Clínica Empresarial del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, elaboró en 2018 el proyecto "Aplicación de tecnología mHealth para la modernización y automatización de los servicios de clínicas empresariales" como una estrategia de optimización en el proceso de citas y generación de datos estadísticos para la toma de decisiones que esta posee. Con el desarrollo de este proyecto, el principal resultado obtenido es el de proveer a la Clínica Empresarial de una herramienta de software innovadora, la cual va en beneficio del personal y de cualquier clínica empresarial que requiera implementar este proyecto.

The Escuela en Ingeniería en Computación in association with the Company Clinic of Ministerio de Relaciones Internacionales, developed in 2018 the project "Application of mHealth technology for the modernization and automation of business clinic services" as an optimization strategy in the appointment process and generation of statistical data for decision-making that it has. With the development of this project, the main result obtained is to provide the Company Clinic with an innovative software tool, which benefits the staff and any business clinic that needs to implement this project.

Progress in Automated Urinalysis

New technological advances have paved the way for significant progress in automated urinalysis. Quantitative reading of urinary test strips using reflectometry has become possible, while complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology has enhanced analytical sensitivity and shown promise in microalbuminuria testing. Microscopy-based urine particle analysis has greatly progressed over the past decades, enabling high throughput in clinical laboratories. Urinary flow cytometry is an alternative for automated microscopy, and more thorough analysis of flow cytometric data has enabled rapid differentiation of urinary microorganisms. Integration of dilution parameters (e.g., creatinine, specific gravity, and conductivity) in urine test strip readers and urine particle flow cytometers enables correction for urinary dilution, which improves result interpretation. Automated urinalysis can be used for urinary tract screening and for diagnosing and monitoring a broad variety of nephrological and urological conditions; newer applications show promising results for early detection of urothelial cancer. Concomitantly, the introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has enabled fast identification of urinary pathogens. Automation and workflow simplification have led to mechanical integration of test strip readers and particle analysis in urinalysis. As the information obtained by urinalysis is complex, the introduction of expert systems may further reduce analytical errors and improve the quality of sediment and test strip analysis. With the introduction of laboratory-on-a-chip approaches and the use of microfluidics, new affordable applications for quantitative urinalysis and readout on cell phones may become available. In this review, we present the main recent developments in automated urinalysis and future perspectives.

Shorter Incubation Times for Detecting Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria in Patient Samples: Defining Early Imaging Time Points Using Growth Kinetics and Total Laboratory Automation

BACKGROUND: The transition from manual processing of patient samples to automated workflows in medical microbiology is challenging. Although automation enables microbiologists to evaluate all samples following the same incubation period, the essential incubation times have yet to be determined. We defined essential incubation times for detecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). METHODS: We monitored the growth kinetics of MRSA, MDRGN, and VRE between two and 48 hours on chromogenic media to establish the time points of first growth, single colony appearance, and typical morphology for 102, 104, 106, and 108 colony forming units/mL. Subsequently, we imaged plates inoculated with 778 patient samples after 20, 24, and 36 hours. RESULTS: The first growth, single colony appearance, and typical morphology time points were inoculum-dependent. First growth appeared after 6–18 hours, 4–18 hours, and 8–48 hours for MRSA, MDRGN, and VRE, respectively, and single colonies appeared at 12–18 hours, 6–20 hours, and 12–48 hours, respectively. Typical morphology was visible at 14–22 hours and 12–48 hours for MRSA and VRE, but was not determined for MDRGN. By examining patient samples, ≥98% of MRSA and MDRGN were visible 20 hours after the start of incubation. Following 24 hours of incubation, only 79.5% of VRE were clearly visible on the respective plates. CONCLUSIONS: An incubation time of 20 hours is sufficient for detecting MRSA and MDRGN. VRE growth is much slower and requires additional imaging after 36 hours.

Global and Local Oriented Gabor Texture Histogram for Person Re-identification

ABSTRACT: Automated person re-identification is a key process in global distributed camera systems. This paper proposes a new feature, the Global and Local-Oriented Gabor Texture Histogram (GLOGTH), for person re-identification. GLOGTH is a combination of the local texture and global structure information of a given input image. This feature aims at representing the human appearance traits with low-dimensional feature extraction. The proposed feature extracts the texture information of input images based on the orientation of the weighted gradient from the global representation. In GLOGTH, the principal orientation is determined by the gradient of the pixels. Based on the principal orientation, the Gabor feature is extracted and imbues GLOGTH with the strong ability to express edge information, apart from making it robust to lighting variances. The experimental results acquired from the databases demonstrate that the proposed GLOGTH framework is capable of achieving notable improvements, in many cases reaching higher classification accuracy than traditional frameworks.

Evaluation of the Automated Cross-Matching Instrument, ORTHO VISION, for Use in Blood Banks

BACKGROUND: Automated systems are used widely for pre-transfusion tests in blood banks, in an attempt to reduce effort and human error. We evaluated the clinical performance of an automated blood bank system, ORTHO VISION (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Switzerland), for blood cross-matching. METHODS: Saline cross-matching was performed for 93 tests using 56 samples. Coombs cross-matching was performed for 400 tests using 166 samples. Saline cross-matching was compared for the automated ORTHO VISION and manual tube methods. Coombs cross-matching was compared for the automated ORTHO VISION and manual column agglutination technique (CAT) methods. The evaluation of 32 antibody-positive samples using the automated ORTHO VISION and manual CAT methods was compared by performing 97 cross-matching tests. Additionally, the ORTHO VISION efficiency and carryover were evaluated. RESULTS: The concordance rate of the saline cross-matching results between the manual method and automated ORTHO VISION was 100%. The concordance rate of coombs cross-matching results between manual CAT and automated ORTHO VISION was 97.9%. The concordance rate of cross-matching for antibody positive samples between manual CAT and the automated ORTHO VISION was 97.9%. Coombs cross-matching was efficient using ORTHO VISION, whereas saline cross-matching was efficient using the tube manual method. CONCLUSIONS: ORTHO VISION showed reliable results for cross-matching and was more efficient than manual CAT for coombs cross-matching. Thus, ORTHO VISION can be used for pre-transfusion tests in blood banks.